2-aminopyridine – a classic and trendy pharmacophore

Abstract

Chemists and pharmacists have exploited the classical and small molecules, due to their ability to be easily grafted with different groups, being able to bind to other more complicated structures to achieve the synthesis of new structures with various biological properties. Among the various 6-membered heterocyclic compounds, 2-aminopyridines have drawn special attention because of the various pharmacologically activities associated with the presence of it in targeted molecules. Researchers have shown that the presence of a small molecule of 2-aminopyridine is an advantage for the medicinal properties of the target molecule, whether it is simple molecule, with just a few groups on it, or is a complicated one, with more heterocycles present in the structure. A number of drugs containing a residue of 2-aminopyridine are already offered on the market, such as piroxicam, tenoxicam, sulfasalazine with anti-inflammatory properties, delavirdine, as anti-HIV drug, sulfapyridine, as antibacterial and tripelenamine as antihistaminic drug. Thus, simple or complex structures with grafted moiety 2-aminopyridine, have been shown to be effective as antitumoral, anti-Alzheimer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antimalarial, antihistaminic, anticonvulsant, Renin-inhibitors, n-NOS-inhibitors, CXCR1/2 inhibitors, JNK1 inhibitors, PKC inhibitors, Syk-inhibitors and also with cardiac activity. This review presents the most representative literature which highlights the role of 2-aminopyridine as pharmacophore in various compounds with medicinal properties. The study highlights the central role of 2-aminopyridine moiety in the pharmacological properties of the synthesized molecule.